Sullivan on Humble Faith
Andrew Sullivan has a kind of nice post today about the link between the Bush administration's misdeeds in the war on terror and the nature of its faith. He writes in response to a reader who has sent a long email on the same topic, including the following:
But there is one great dividing line here, between you and me on one side, and Bush and his cohort (and the Christianists and the Islamists and the scientific reductionists, and all the other -ists) on the other: the humility of a faith based on love, with its attendant qualities of acceptance, inclusion and non-violence, and the arrogance of a faith based on fear, with its attendant qualities of judgment, exclusion and, inevitably, violence.
Sullivan agrees:
The battle within faith - between a faith of certainty and order and a faith of humility and wonder - is indeed the great battle of our time.
This struck me, a cultural but non-believing Jew, as a statement of faith which I could wholeheartedly embrace. I mean, I don't agree that it's "the great battle of our time" - I'd say the struggle to keep humans from destroying Planet Earth probably outranks it, even in God's eyes, whatever she may be. But I embrace it as a statement about moral and intellectual attitudes. And what I wonder is this: does Sullivan recognize that agnostics, atheists, and secular liberals also believe in "a faith of humility and wonder" rather than "a faith of certainty and order"?
Rationalism is, at its very core, a philosophy of humility, doubt, and wonder. Nothing could be more scientific than the conviction that we do not understand how the universe works, but that we seek to understand it through observation and discussion; nothing could be more liberal than the conviction that we do not know what moral perfection is, but that we strive towards it by testing our values upon the world and upon each other.
But this isn't quite what I mean to say. My point is that rationalism and secular liberalism are, themselves, types of faith: faith in our ability to trust others, and to trust our own commitment to reason. No scientist can claim to have observed with her own eyes the evidence for every proposition she holds to be true; she must have faith in the truthfulness of generations of other scientists, and in their dedication to following the rules of the scientific community. And the liberal faith that humans are capable of deciding what is best for them, as a community, through the process of free speech and respect for human rights, and by following the rules of a republic, and that democratic participation leads ultimately to the best kind of governance, is just that - a faith. Humans have not shown themselves to be particularly dedicated to reason or to human rights over the last century; the conviction that they are progressively becoming better on these counts is a basic liberal value, a statement of faith in human possibility.
Anyway, I guess I just wanted to point out that everybody has values, and the kinds of values Sullivan embraces here as a part of his kind of Christianity are to a great extent the same values I embrace as a secular liberal Jew. I would hope he would recognize that.





Just commenting to tell you what a beautiful post this is.
As an agnostic, your words really resonate with me. I am put off by religious groups whose members see fear and/or rigid structure and dogma as appropriate tools for advancing their spiritual expression. I have always favored a more fluid and, I think, natural approach to religion.
I, too, share the qualities that Sullivan (and the author of that e-mail) values in his Christian faith. I decided long ago that some of these questions aren't answered yet (and might not be answered at all) and that fabricating answers simply because we don't have them is not even faith at all; it is self-deception, and I want no part of that. I'd rather be knowingly in the dark than in the dark, yet believing some arbitrary thing I have been told by a religious elder or an oft-translated book. Best to just explore what we have been given, love it, live, and treat one another with kindness.
I am constantly in love and in awe of what I have been given, but I don't see the need to coerce other folks to share my awe and wonder. I think that's a big part of this divide: one group truly believes that it is part of their calling to convince people who don't believe as they do (in order to save those people from themselves) and the other group is just far more laid-back about the whole thing, generally believing that there are few absolutes in the spiritual/religious arena.
It's kind of like Type A and Type B personalities, I think. The former wish to codify, organize, and define, while the latter seek to explore, enjoy, and question.
Anyway, I feel I'm beginning to blather on a bit. I mainly just wanted to tell you that your post made me smile on this Monday morning. Also, thanks for the Sullivan link. I would have missed it.
April 10, 2006 9:09 AM | Reply | Permalink
a woman in florida:
I agree with your post. The search, the questioning and the wonder is much more important than what others have predetermined as 'the truth'. It was Thomas, I believe, that said that one was to search, find the answers and then continue the search as the answers would make you uncomfortable.
I have always believed that whatever the reason for our brain; God, Higher Power, evolution or whatever, we are to use our brain to the best of our ability. To listen to a preacher or priest, feed pre-prescribed 'truth' and accept it unquestioning, seems to be blasphomy to the gift of our intellectual ability.
I like your 'type A' and 'type B' analogies - they sum up the differences pretty well. Thanks
Beware of the fanatics, they never see gray.
April 10, 2006 11:18 AM | Reply | Permalink
Me too. Thanks..
April 10, 2006 12:25 PM | Reply | Permalink
Brooksfoe,
You should read the conclusion of Reza Aslan's book "No God But God" on Islam. After a detailed and compelling history of the evolution of Islamic faith and practice, he takes on two globally relevant topics:
1) What has to happen for Islam to bring itself into consonance with modern ideas about democracy and human rights
2) The role of religion in the public square.
For the second point, my paraphrase of his thesis is that liberal societies have made a mistake by presuming that to guarantee equal treatment to practitioners of all faiths, it was necessary to remove religion from public life. I am pretty much an agnostic, but I think this was a big mistake. Faith of all sorts is tremendously important to people's decisions about the direction of a country, and that role cannot be kept out of sight.
One of his key arguments is this: despite the fact that different faiths disagree on exactly what one must do to be a moral person, there are core concepts where we all know with certainly the difference between right and wrong. Reconciling these disagreements is a big challenge, and the outcome is not necessarily the "melting pot" amalgamation of faiths, but the often-grudging acceptance that living together means putting up with differences we may or may not approve of. In a word, pluralism.
I happen to think that's exactly where most people fall on abortion - they don't approve of it in the abstract, but they think outlawing it imposing external morality on people. I don't think Christian evangelicals are right to claim they have been persecuted and victimized and their faith marginalized, but I do understand their calls for people to explain the source and nature of their faith when being asked to make moral decisions.
April 10, 2006 10:43 AM | Reply | Permalink
Hm. I'm not sure I'm so favorably disposed towards people who ask me to explain the source and nature of my faith when being asked to make moral decisions. Say I'm having a little chat with Richard Land about abortion, and I say I feel it's a matter so complex and personal and ripe for abuse that it can only be left up to women and their doctors. And then he asks me what the source and nature of my faith is, and I explain that I'm a voodoo houngan. What business is that of his? Does it undermine the validity of my conviction that this should be a private matter resolved by families and their health-care providers?
I think one ought to proceed from the assumption that people who are engaging in moral arguments do have moral convictions, and let them state what those convictions are, with or without recourse to supernatural faiths. Values have their own autonomous strengths. Anyone who's heard MLK crying "and justice shall roll down like water" knows you don't need to share someone's religion to partake of their moral convictions.
April 10, 2006 11:35 AM | Reply | Permalink
And post the Ten Commandments in every school in the nation:
1. Trust good character more than promises.
2. Do not speak falsely.
3. Do good things.
4. Do not be hasty in making friends, but do not abandon them once made.
5. Learn to obey before you command.
6. When giving advice, do not recommend what is most pleasing, but what is most useful.
7. Make reason your supreme commander.
8. Do not associate with people who do bad things.
9. Honor the gods.
10. Have regard for your parents.
Solon's Commandments from Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, 1.60
April 10, 2006 1:00 PM | Reply | Permalink
And then he asks me what the source and nature of my faith is, and I explain that I'm a voodoo houngan. What business is that of his? Does it undermine the validity of my conviction that this should be a private matter resolved by families and their health-care providers?
Of course it does. The validity of any belief is undermined when it is sourced in uncritical acceptance of an overarching belief system. If the source of your belief is a larger ideology or religion, that immediately makes it doubtful. If your position is right, it should stand independently of religion, and should be argued for on those grounds.
As for the autonomous strength of values, it's usually a good move - but not in the case of a controversial issue. Unless you believe that close to half the country is mysteriously incapable of recognizing the self-evidence of your position (subject to a moral obtuseness you were fortunate enough to escape), you need more for your position to be valid.
April 11, 2006 12:16 AM | Reply | Permalink
If the source of your belief is a larger ideology or religion, that immediately makes it doubtful.
That wasn't really what I meant - in the example, I didn't mean that the pro-choice position DERIVED from the protagonist's voodoo background. I just meant that party one asks party two what their religious background is, and party two supplies a religious background that party one considers totally off-the-wall. This, in my view, should not influence party one's view of party two's stated moral conviction. Or not much. So I agree with you, I think.
Happy talk is not the way to gain the confidence of the people. - Zalmay Khalilzad, US Ambassador to Iraq
April 11, 2006 12:44 AM | Reply | Permalink
electroniceric2,
As a secular liberal, I'm not sure that the intent of the founders or of the Supreme Court's decisions was to remove religion from all of public life, just from the government's life.
My understanding is that Christians feel they are not allowed to speak in the public square, such as when they are denied the right to a Christmas nativity scene on the local government's front lawn. Would it not be more true to say that the local government cannot sponsor that nativity scene, but it can offer the space to all religions who might wish to make use of the front lawn at Christmas to put up whatever kind of scene that represents their religion? In other words, the lawn cannot be offered exclusively to Christians, but can be offered inclusively to all religions.
The same could be said for prayer groups after school. The school cannot cannot sponsor a Christian prayer group, but certainly if students want to pray in a group, there is not a law against that if all groups are allowed to do the same and the school is not sponsoring any of them.
It seems as though improper interpretations of the laws as well as Bill O'Reilly interpretations of the law are more the problem than the actual laws regarding religion in public life.
As for your last paragraph, what brooksfoe said seems to make more sense.
Many people would sooner die than think; In fact, they do so. - Bertrand Russell
April 10, 2006 5:26 PM | Reply | Permalink
And how do we respond to their fear with love and humility rather than mirroring their fear? Certainly among liberals, there is fear and demonization of the Christian Right.
The Bush experiment is failing by being and doing exactly what his followers asked for. This means their disappointment and hurt will be profound. They will feel the need for soul-searching and fear the pain of that soul-searching.
Do we respond by smiting the wicked fundies? Or do we embrace the lesson in love and humility contained in their travails?
April 10, 2006 12:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
Even tolerance and some of the softer, emotionally pleasing aspects of spirituality can be dogmatized out of context with the skeleton of laws, and spill seas of blood, gallon by feckless gallon.
The bones, the morality, enable people to stand upright, and within them the immune cells grow.
However, using the bones to hit and cut others' souls, this is codemning and judging one another, and is a kind of disease, not virtue.
April 10, 2006 2:23 PM | Reply | Permalink