On Why Obama is Wrong About War in Afghanistan
I've been talking with a number of avid Obama supporters in recent days about his advocacy for widening the war in Afghanistan. Their arguments are for the most part of the following sort. Afghanistan is a breeding ground for terrorism, so the U.S. has something between a right and an obligation to conduct warfare there to clean up this breeding ground. Sometimes the argument also includes some notion about how we should introduce democracy there and/or liberate women, but the basic argument is that we need to clean up the terrorist breeding ground. I could write about why the democracy and women's rights arguments are mistaken (and these arguments were made, in particular, by Laura Bush in 2001), but that would require a post in itself.
Let me suggest that we think through this advocacy of what Obama somtimes calls "the right war" as opposed to the wrong war in Iraq. Of course, as in all wars, those who will suffer and die are for the most part not responsible for anything and are absolutely innocent. Further, I don't remember Afghanistan or any Afghanis attacking the U.S. Yes, Osama probably was living there--at least I have no reason to doubt this, but he didn't control Afghanistan and wasn't part of a government there. I'll get in a minute to the question of why he was there. But first, let me point out that the Taliban was reported to have asked the Bush administration after 911 for evidence to support what Bush was accusing Osama of doing and the Bush administration refused to provide such, preferring to go to war. Indeed, these twin wars against Afghanistan and Iraq are now known to have been planned well in advance of 911. So, what is the basis for this war in Afghanistan?
And why was Osama there? Is his presence there evidence of Afghanistan of some sort of breeding ground that requires the US to conduct war there to clean up? What history should one consider to understand the situation? This "breeding ground for terrorism" has been the recipient of warmongering incursions of similar sorts for the better part of the past two centuries. Britain and Russia played what was called at the time "The Great Game," in Afghanistan and Persia (now Iran) from early in Queen Victoria's reign until the early 20th century. This Great Game concerned rival attempts to obtain colonial rule over these places. I haven't time nor space here to discuss this great game, but a visit to your local library, or a quick Google or Wikipedia skim can reveal some of the basic sordid tale. Basically, Britain and Russia played a murderous game over who would take colonial control of Afghanistan and Persia (two familiar recipients of war and war threats from the US today).
Russia continued the game in Afghanistan under the Soviet government in the 1970s and 1980s, which invited Jimmy Carter to involve the US and the CIA, and it was then that Osama entered Afghanistan with CIA covert and financial support. So, if we have to go in a clean up this breeding ground for terrorism, it's only because we need to go in a clean up the mess we played a central role in creating.
What's up with that? The US plays a part, with Britian and Russia, in creating the situation in Afghanistan (and Iran and Iraq, but that would need to be another post, which would include the US and the CIA overthrowing elected governments and installing pro-US and Britain dictatorships), and the atrocious result of this meddling somehow bestows a right on the US and NATO to go to war there. This sounds warped to me. We wouldn't accept this argument if it were applied to justify some other country going to war there.
And remember, wars bring suffering and death for the most part to innocent people. The villagers who are the recipients of the bombs dropped by US planes never attacked us and never were part of any breeding of terrorists.
But if one wants to create a breeding ground for "terrorists", if that's the word one wants to use for people who wish us ill and think about doing us harm, then continue the sorts of Great Games that outside imperialist powers have been playing in Afghanistan (and Persia and Iraq) for almost two centuries. Sounds like a losing policy to me, but I'm sure you know better.
Never mind, for a minute, the poor politics of conducting war against the Afghani people. Think for a minute about whether we want to be the kind of people who are too intellectually lazy to be a moral people. I say this because to support a war in Afghanistan because one thinks we "need to clean up this breeding ground for terrorism" is revealing a lack of historical perspective and requires that we think of the mess simply as something that exists apart from our responsibility in creating it. I also say it because we cannot morally justify doing what a war does. Wars are not war movies and they are not portrayed on the TV news. Wars are an astonishing suffering and massive death by violence. We can refer to cleaning up a mess, but in fact we are blowing people brains and guts out of their bodies and our clean language cannot change this fact.
Cleaning up a mess sound like a good idea, I suppose, but remember that the verbal imagery is no different from the "ethnic cleansing" that we know is just a euphemism for committing genocide.
So, I find it hard to work up any enthusiasm for the present Obama candidacy. Sure, McCain may be even more bloodthirsty, and indeed, Obama may not be bloodthirsty at all in his hear. Maybe playing great games for political gain is only a game and we can call it cleansing. But this doesn't change the fact that we are talking about brutality and death and it is the result of our political games that continue from long ago into today's political campaign.
Let me suggest that we think through this advocacy of what Obama somtimes calls "the right war" as opposed to the wrong war in Iraq. Of course, as in all wars, those who will suffer and die are for the most part not responsible for anything and are absolutely innocent. Further, I don't remember Afghanistan or any Afghanis attacking the U.S. Yes, Osama probably was living there--at least I have no reason to doubt this, but he didn't control Afghanistan and wasn't part of a government there. I'll get in a minute to the question of why he was there. But first, let me point out that the Taliban was reported to have asked the Bush administration after 911 for evidence to support what Bush was accusing Osama of doing and the Bush administration refused to provide such, preferring to go to war. Indeed, these twin wars against Afghanistan and Iraq are now known to have been planned well in advance of 911. So, what is the basis for this war in Afghanistan?
And why was Osama there? Is his presence there evidence of Afghanistan of some sort of breeding ground that requires the US to conduct war there to clean up? What history should one consider to understand the situation? This "breeding ground for terrorism" has been the recipient of warmongering incursions of similar sorts for the better part of the past two centuries. Britain and Russia played what was called at the time "The Great Game," in Afghanistan and Persia (now Iran) from early in Queen Victoria's reign until the early 20th century. This Great Game concerned rival attempts to obtain colonial rule over these places. I haven't time nor space here to discuss this great game, but a visit to your local library, or a quick Google or Wikipedia skim can reveal some of the basic sordid tale. Basically, Britain and Russia played a murderous game over who would take colonial control of Afghanistan and Persia (two familiar recipients of war and war threats from the US today).
Russia continued the game in Afghanistan under the Soviet government in the 1970s and 1980s, which invited Jimmy Carter to involve the US and the CIA, and it was then that Osama entered Afghanistan with CIA covert and financial support. So, if we have to go in a clean up this breeding ground for terrorism, it's only because we need to go in a clean up the mess we played a central role in creating.
What's up with that? The US plays a part, with Britian and Russia, in creating the situation in Afghanistan (and Iran and Iraq, but that would need to be another post, which would include the US and the CIA overthrowing elected governments and installing pro-US and Britain dictatorships), and the atrocious result of this meddling somehow bestows a right on the US and NATO to go to war there. This sounds warped to me. We wouldn't accept this argument if it were applied to justify some other country going to war there.
And remember, wars bring suffering and death for the most part to innocent people. The villagers who are the recipients of the bombs dropped by US planes never attacked us and never were part of any breeding of terrorists.
But if one wants to create a breeding ground for "terrorists", if that's the word one wants to use for people who wish us ill and think about doing us harm, then continue the sorts of Great Games that outside imperialist powers have been playing in Afghanistan (and Persia and Iraq) for almost two centuries. Sounds like a losing policy to me, but I'm sure you know better.
Never mind, for a minute, the poor politics of conducting war against the Afghani people. Think for a minute about whether we want to be the kind of people who are too intellectually lazy to be a moral people. I say this because to support a war in Afghanistan because one thinks we "need to clean up this breeding ground for terrorism" is revealing a lack of historical perspective and requires that we think of the mess simply as something that exists apart from our responsibility in creating it. I also say it because we cannot morally justify doing what a war does. Wars are not war movies and they are not portrayed on the TV news. Wars are an astonishing suffering and massive death by violence. We can refer to cleaning up a mess, but in fact we are blowing people brains and guts out of their bodies and our clean language cannot change this fact.
Cleaning up a mess sound like a good idea, I suppose, but remember that the verbal imagery is no different from the "ethnic cleansing" that we know is just a euphemism for committing genocide.
So, I find it hard to work up any enthusiasm for the present Obama candidacy. Sure, McCain may be even more bloodthirsty, and indeed, Obama may not be bloodthirsty at all in his hear. Maybe playing great games for political gain is only a game and we can call it cleansing. But this doesn't change the fact that we are talking about brutality and death and it is the result of our political games that continue from long ago into today's political campaign.
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We moved our military into Iran. They kicked us out. We moved our military to Saudi Arabia. They kicked us out. We moved our military to Iraq. They're kicking us out. And now we're moving our military to Afghanistan.
I think we should stop looking for parking places in the middle east and come home.
We made the fatal mistake of fighting a terrorist attack with a war. That strategy, in and of itself is a mistake. The fact that we waged that war in the wrong place is criminal.
Here's an idea;
Maybe we should practice a defense policy that is just that; a defense policy.
If the goal is to defend ourselves against terrorist groups, we should deploy tactically and not commit the entire weight of our army to one small piece of geography. Major targets move internationally so we should stay light and mobile and operate with precision.
The whole notion of winning a war on international terror is ludicrous. Terrorism has always existed and it will continue to exist.
Rhetoric like winning, losing and surrendering are 20th century abstractions that stopped making sense after the second world war.
The only realistic goal in fighting terrorism is to marginalize it.
Anyone who tells you differently comes from an era that has long since past.
Let's act like world citizens, fight global warming multi-laterally and trade and advance science with all cultures and we'll all mutually benefit and get on with our lives in peace.
July 25, 2008 8:42 PM | Reply | Permalink
Dead on essay and dead on comment. Marginalize the 18,000 known terrorists. Bring our troops home. Convert from Empire to Earth Community. Convert from the Big N Large Corporation of the movie "WALL-E" to "Diet for a Small Planet".
And for God's sake sheeple, wake up. Our 2 choices are crapo corporate.
Read Sheldon Wolin's new book "Democracy Incorporated"
July 25, 2008 9:53 PM | Reply | Permalink
Amen, tpmgary. But we all have to vote for somebody, and McCain fails on all fronts -- from global warming on down. Obama scores better on everything your last paragraph touches on, but unfortunately, he would never get elected in this country if he ran on a platform like that. So perhaps he's swinging to the right now because he has to, and thus there is the possibility (probability?) that his militarism isn't really entrenched. One can hope he won't get us into a new Iraq when the time comes, that he will "adjust" his thinking again.
Or if we can't hope, then we're truly lost.
July 25, 2008 11:02 PM | Reply | Permalink
So, "the audacity of hope" has evolved into "we're truly lost." I'm afraid that may be the case if we are looking to politicians to solve our problems. It's up to us to hold Obama's feet to the fire and demand, not hope, that he not turn out to be just another warmonger. Right now he's not giving us much reason for hope, though. It's down to hoping that he will adjust his thinking again. That's not enough for me to support him.
July 25, 2008 11:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
You seem to have a problem with reading comprehension. Nothing about what I said implies an evolution from hope to despair. I said rather clearly that, if we can't hope, then there is nothing but despair.
You obviously prefer despair, and a rather naive concept of political activism, encapsulated in the recommendation that we hold Obama's feet to the fire. By not voting for him. You go, guy. That will really help.
Meantime, you're turning up your nose at the best hope this country's got right now. If you want perfection, try ritual seppuku and head for the skies.
July 26, 2008 8:44 AM | Reply | Permalink
I do support Barack Obama and I will vote for him and I will continue to advocate on his behalf. My comment here was written in part to dispel this whole concept of fighting terrorism with a war.
July 26, 2008 10:04 AM | Reply | Permalink
Don't worry about supporting him, but please vote for him for others' sake. We can't risk more GOP.
We should have waited for the Taliban to come around and yield up Osama, while maintaining some level of cordon around the country. Failing that, we should have gone in heavy, for control, not damage. (With enough troops you overwhelm and fewer people die.) Failing that, we should be more involved than we are now, but not as simply counter-terrorism. Better to build. And especially we have to find agreement with current Pakistan leadership.
July 26, 2008 1:08 AM | Reply | Permalink
Iwould not put it in those terms, but my conclusions are similar.
We are in Afghanistan to show that "we are serious about international terror". "We" means USA and allies. But what are we doing here? Well, we try to keep lid on a low intensity endemic guerilla, something that plagues numerous countries, countries that nevertheless manage to operate without any NATO help. One could list Algeria, Philippines, Sri Lanka, until recently, Nepal. Low tech armies fight with low tech guerillas and either keep the guerillas in check or reach a political accomodation (as it happened in Nepal).
NATO can provide troops with superior technology and scant knowledge of the language and local traditions. Can one explain one thing: why, after 7 years of aid and training, Afghan military cannot handle the task as well as say, Algerian army. The answer is simple: Algerian military is operating for its own benefit, and Afghan, for the benefit of an occupier. Well meaning occupier, but a high-handed one, with ample reason for the mutual distrust in motivations, loyalties etc.
Thus the strategy/tactics would be to emancipate Afghans as fast as possible. If they will be corrupt and fight a dirty war, well, it is better then having our troops to fight a dirty war, and with all possible corruption, it will be vastly cheaper. And if the Afghan government will reach a political accommodation, like in Nepal, good! Taliban, for all its warts, represents a segment of population that should be involved in a political process. To compare, in Pakistan those people support rather backward parties, and perhaps some local terrorist movement, and both are kept in check without any need of NATO troops "helping".
How many years can it take to adequately train a low-tech military? By now, Afghan officers should have multiple degrees and doctorates...
July 26, 2008 7:18 AM | Reply | Permalink
You write as though the "Afghan Army" were something legitimate rather than a creation of the US. You write as though the Karzai government was something other than a pawn in the continuation of the Great Game. It controls nothing, just like the Iraqi government controls at most the Green Zone (and in reality they don't even control that--they remain there are the "good graces" of the American occupying force. We need to start by acknowledging that we are the problem. I mean the collective "we" that includes the US, the British, the Russians--all of whom have treated the region for two centuries as a colonialist opportunity. We now reap what was sowed. Until we acknowledge that, we merely stir the pot full of troubles of our own making.
July 26, 2008 7:58 AM | Reply | Permalink
I wrote that if Afghan Army, legitimate or not, were fighting for its own benefit, it would probably manage pretty well, but that this is not the case, it is an auxiliary force neither trusting, nor being trusted by the occupying forces.
NATO goals are self-contradictory which makes "victory" impossible. As far as I can tell, the divisions in Afghan politics were between extremely corrupt and extremely backward, with some local ethnic variations. The cleanest division was among Pushtoons.
Initially, a coalition of "ethnic variations" with "extremely corrupt" against "extremely backward" was cobbled, with Karzai on top, but what was happening later I cannot tell. I suspect that nobody figured out how to get rid of this combination, or even phrased such a goal. NATO is both democratic, so deferring to local politics, and alien, so without capacity of incluencing local politics for better (or worse). The best NATO can do is to marginalize the local governments if they are not pliable enough.
But then one cannot create a cohesive army, or a government. Soviets at least had some clarity as who their local allies were (except that they were backstabbing each other).
I guess, just staying in Afghanistan is a lesser evil for a moment, but some constructive vision leading to a withdrawal is badly needed. If I were a politician, though, I would mouth what Obama says -- when there is no clarity how to do better, repeat the common wisdom.
July 26, 2008 4:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
finally! Multiple breaths of fresh air! After all the Hillary bashing I had to endure, I didn't think there were any objective souls left.
Breeding grounds are terms best left for mosquitos, not human beings. Too often we forget that all humans are of the same species, and we have only gotten as far as we have, evolutionarily speaking, through cooperation. Granted, cooperation doesn't work in all instances, but at least we must try it. I like Obama when he says he is listening, but not when he thinks that war-mongering is a viable political strategy (although it might well be).
To me, the answer to the Taliban is to remove all troops and supply all the money and support for a viable and representative Afghani government that they ask for. If I'm not mistaken, the success of the Taliban back in 1996 had to do with the fact that the Muhajadeens, who were left in power after the Russians left, were much worse.
Maybe an answer is to convince the Afghanis to give the Pashtuns their own state so they can be idiots by themselves, and let the rest of the country live in peace both from the Taliban and from us.
George
July 26, 2008 12:58 PM | Reply | Permalink
Your concern that the Taliban be given sufficient proof of Osama operating in Afghanistan is silly, especially given your apparent understanding that he did operate from there.
A state which permits al Qaeda to launch an act of war from within its borders is either at war with us, or is not a state if it cannot stop its residents from waging war against the U.S.
You appear to view 9/11 as the chickens coming home to roost. If you want to argue our mission is done in Afghanistan, I could understand that; but if you want to argue we never had one, you and most of America are separated at the level of first principles. That doesn't make the rest of us bloodthirsty, or war-happy.
So don't vote for Obama. Never mind that voting for Nader got us into Iraq. And bring back that cute little kid photograph avatar, it's one of the best here.
July 26, 2008 1:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
What I know about fighting wars in Central Asia, I mostly learned from The Princess Bride.
But that said, it seems to me that discussion of this topic should include some mention of Zbigniew Brzezinski's recent comments on Afghanistan.
He's the person who's gotten some credit for drawing the Soviets into the Afghani quagmire, and he's also fairly close to the Obama campaign. He's currently offering some suggestions about a (mostly) non-military solution (bluntly, bribes) that would lead to a pretty rapid withdrawal.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/07/25/brzezinski-warns-against_n_114999.html
I don't expect Obama to endorse this plan in public. If you want to argue about withdrawing from Iraq, it really helps to frame that as a way of getting bin Laden. And it doesn't play well with NASCAR dads to say "we're going to bribe our way out!"
But Zbigniew has endorsed Obama. (Wow, what a sentence!) Plus, looking at Barack, overall, I just don't see a guy who is deeply committed to land war in Asia. (Not even under a NATO umbrella.)
So, in short, I understand the concern, but there are signs that Barack's actual policies in this part of the world are going to be more pacific than his rhetoric on tv might suggest.
"Oh, so, we're just supposed to trust him?"
(shrug) Unless you prefer to trust John McCain or Cynthia McKinney. Your call. I'm just saying, if you want reassurance on this issue, there's some out there.
July 26, 2008 6:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
Oh, and by the way, rec'd. I love looking at a rec list with two posts taking opposite positions on a foreign policy issue. How frightfully civilized!
July 26, 2008 6:58 PM | Reply | Permalink