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Looking Back Judiciously


Here's a little irony for your collective consideration:

August 27, 2008 was the day that President Bill Clinton addressed the Democratic Convention.  August 27, 2008 was also the centennial birthday of Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the United States and the last New Dealer-type Democrat ever to occupy the White House.

And there was not a single mention I could find anywhere mentioning the latter fact.  Not at the Convention, not in the talking heads, not even on the TPM website.

Why is that?  After all, LBJ is arguably the most effective Democrat ever to sit in the White House in terms of passed legislation, outdoing even FDR.  Indeed, nearly every domestic policy discussed in this year's convention is merely a linearized extension of the Great Society.

So why no mention?

LBJ, of course, widened the Vietnam war initiated by his predecessor, JFK, though he did it not to appear soft on communism at home rather than for any global ideological reason.  Johnson in many respects was the direct opposite of his successor Nixon.  Nixon was all about international geopolitics; Johnson could care less, he was all about America. 

So skilled with Congress was Johnson that he was literally able to hide the war costs from Congress and provide both guns and butter.  For a while at least.

Then the walls came crashing down and he couldn't even contemplate a second term.

Still, Vietnam is ancient history these days, even with McCain in the race.  Might it have been possible to invoke the Great Society of Johnson without mixing it up with Vietnam?  We have heard much about JFK and reforming, but historically, JFK ends up more iconic than a reforming figure.  Obviously, Democrats like to invoke JFK for two reasons:  a) there is still a Kennedy political machine to be utilized and b) there is the youth aspect that serves particularly well this year.

Unlike Bill Clinton, JFK will forever be the youth president by virtue of his assassination.

But no mention of LBJ.  Not a peep.

Could it be that in the space of a mere 40 years, history already becomes dusty?  If you can't invoke an iconic image (Lincoln/FDR/JFK/Reagan), it doesn't matter much what your legacy is?

These were the thoughts I had as I watched Bill Clinton speak.  People have made much about his need to "redeem" his legacy.  But with all the domestic accomplishments of LBJ, there was no homage to him on August 27, 2008.

I am reminded of the ancient Roman ritual of the Triumph.  The hero was paraded in a chariot in front of adoring crowds, but a slave would be positioned behind the hero.

And in the hero's ear, the slave would whisper:
Sic Transit Gloria
(All fame is fleeting.)



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LBJ is an embarrassment, a complicated one. His break through Great Society policies should be his monument but they were sufficiently offset by his ward heeler tactics and identification with Vietnam so we just don't want to go there.

Just for the record: much of the civil rights legislation, starting from 1957, was a direct result of LBJ.

Medicare and Medicaid...

And on and on...

The world isn't black and white. You would not have been able to get all that law through Congress without knowing how to wheel and deal. You need to recalibrate your historical view.

Right. If it hadn't been for the robber barons manipulating the administration of Grover Cleveland to make themselves even wealthier, we'd never have had labor unions.

We should be thankful for the millions of people that were badly used by and the corrupt government of the gilded age.

Talk about talent.

Your refutation simply doesn't hold water.

You still deny LBJ's masterful skill of legislation because of Vietnam. And, as a result, you deny his domestic policies as the core of the Democratic values that are promoted today.

Let the world be the complex place it is.

Hey, whatever. Burn the village in order to save it. Right?

It's a moral issue, how low should a democrat descend in order to do a 'greater' good?

The answer depends on who we are, and in what we are.

It is not an absolute, for sure. For all we know the man with the idea that would have ended world hunger and war forever, got shot in the mud in VietNam.

I don't disagree that LBJ enacted some excellent legislation, I'm just not sure the cost to America was worth it. We're still paying for VietNam in myriad and subtle ways.

Ask John Kerry about that.

I don't disagree that LBJ enacted some excellent legislation, I'm just not sure the cost to America was worth it. We're still paying for VietNam in myriad and subtle ways.

It wasn't excellent legislation, it was societal change legislation -- the likes of which we haven't seen in 40 years since.

Please read Caro's editorial:

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/28/opinion/28caro.html?_r=1&em&oref=slogin

We are paying for all kinds of things today, but my point is that the Great Society was the last full-scale vision of America from a Democratic president (and that includes Clinton). I'm shocked that the true-blues here seem to resist that notion.

Well, thanks for that. I skimmed over it this morning, but went back and really read it. Caro ought to speak at the convention. However, I would like to point out this passage:

The heroism of the march at Selma, the heroism all across the South, the almost unbelievable bravery of black men and women — and children, so many children — who marched, and were beaten, and marched again, for the right to vote, created the rising tide of national feeling behind the passage of civil rights legislation, the legislation not only of 1965 but of 1964 and 1957. That feeling did so much to make the legislation possible. It has taken me scores of pages in my books to try to describe that heroism, and all of them inadequate. But it also took Lyndon Johnson, whom the black leader James Farmer, sitting in the Oval Office, heard “cajoling, threatening, everything else, whatever was necessary” to get the 1965 bill passed and who, with his legislative genius and savage will, broke, piece by piece, in 1957 and 1964 and 1965, the long unbreakable power of the Southern bloc.

It seems to me Senator Clinton got into a heap of trouble for suggesting that it took a white President to enact the civil rights legislation. I would tend to agree that the time would have come, as the public pressure at that time was something fierce.

That is not to take away from LBJ, good on him for doing what he could. I do think that civil rights legislation would have been passed without him, it was the American people that mostly made that happen, as Caro points out.

I think that it is interesting that at the time, (again, according to Caro) LBJs critics said he wasn't doing as much as he could. Perhaps that is the lasting legacy he left us. He didn't do as much as he could.

That may be why he isn't more popular when Democrats look for inspiration.

Thanks again.

"Some excellent legislation" includes the most important Civil Rights legislation since Reconstruction. We are forever in his debt that he had the audacity to persuade and the stature to get it done.

Yes, it would've happened eventually but not minute sooner and a minute or decade longer would have deferred justice longer than it already had been. He was the right man for the time-just as Barack is the right man now. They are linked.

"LBJ, of course, widened the Vietnam war initiated by his predecessor, JFK, though he did it not to appear soft on communism at home rather than for any global ideological reason."

Is this supposed to mitigate his policy?

Or does it make him seem cynical, if not depraved, willing to trade support for his Great Society for a bloodbath abroad?

He knew better, that Vietnam not only could not have been won but that it should never have been fought. But he escalated it anyway.
Nixon also knew the war could not be won, and was no less cynical, making sure the war continued so he could paint McGovern as an un-American crypto-Communist freak. But Nixon was merely continuing the game LBJ started.

"So skilled with Congress was Johnson that he was literally able to hide the war costs from Congress and provide both guns and butter. For a while at least."

Again, you state a travesty as if it were an accomplishment. GWB also hides the war costs from Congress, do you think this is one of his great achievements?

He knew better, that Vietnam not only could not have been won but that it should never have been fought.

Actually, no one knew better. America was in new turf. And all of the JFK cabinet -- held over by LBJ, talk about a hostile audience -- advised him to continue (except George Ball, of course).

LBJ didn't understand that Vietnam was not a political issue for their people, it was an ideological one.

Again, you state a travesty as if it were an accomplishment. GWB also hides the war costs from Congress, do you think this is one of his great achievements?

GWB couldn't hide the cost of the war. You know nothing of what you talk about, the cost is well known.

I am not praising LBJ for the budget dealings -- merely pointing out how skilled he was in his wheeling dealings. The same wheeling dealing techniques that got all his legislation through that the Dems have failed to get through since. In fact, LBJ was concerned that Vietnam would bankrupt the country preventing his Great Society from going forward.

But he didn't know how to pull back from Vietnam.

Sorry, Ike had people in Viet Nam before JFK did.

Yes, weren't they called "field agents" or something? It was another instance when we were "for him before we were against him" regarding Ho Chi Mihn.

The Pentagon Papers clearly show that it was JFK that sent in the troops as policy. He made the US commitment real beyond more CIA-like activities. Then the Kennedy administration tried to get Diem removed.

JFK was a hawk, something the Dems would like to forget. Those were the times, but those are also the facts: Vietnam was a Democrat War. Which makes it all the more tragic that Nixon didn't just pull out quicker. Nixon made the war his, but he had to work at it.


Hear, hear Clearthinker! As you can tell by my TPM "name" I've spent more time reading about LBJ than is probably healthy (snark) and you are dead on with your assesments. I'm glad someone else here has the ability and desire to bring this up and to do it a more eloquent way than I probably can.

I was worried that this historic Democratic convention would pass him over but was pleased to hear that there was some kind of a tribute to him.

It is absolutely true that he was a *victim* of the groupthink of the times regarding Vietnam and Communist containment. Were some of his methods ugly? Yes. His case is complex and like someone else mentioned above, he cannot be put into a nice "Camelot"-type box.

Seems to me you fault the ideology or methods more than you fault a man who was doing what he though he ought to do.

Yes, he could be a mean SOB, but also a great leader. Shakespeare would've loved him...

He was on both the right AND wrong side of history.


I've made comments in here previously that tend to defend some of our less "popular" Presidents. LBJ and Nixon are two that immediately come to mind: Both were highly paradoxical, complex characters - not an easy fit at all for the simplistic sloganeers who make-up the bulk of the modern "Cartoon Culture" (my description, of many years usage). A certain tragic (but ultimately very human) flaw (in almost a Shakespearean sense)prevents these types (perhaps) from achieving the very top rung, but it makes them intensely compelling and just plain INTERESTING, in contrast to the blow-dried, over-virtued, one-trick little "cartoons" we seem to spend so much time with these days.

They just don't quite FIT the pigeon-hole we've assigned for them, for ONE bothersome reason: In spite of their worst failures, they produce an actual body of constructive, living WORK. They have "hay in the barn", to sort of folksy this up a little. I won't waste time here, but anyone can find the lengthy list of their substantive achievements in a 30-second search - just read on a little past "Vietnam" and "Watergate" (or "Monica"). They make(a deliberate word-choice)real, living history that surrounds us today.

I confess to a weakness for these types (put Clinton in there, too): Titanic, flawed geniuses, masters of the crafts of their trade, who bust-up a lot of furniture in the process (some accidental, some on purpose), but eventually outlast their prim little critics (Who remembers THOSE people now, by the way?) to get a lot of important business DONE, for better or for worse.

Nixon used the instruments of government in an attempt to control the citizenry -- and also place the US at the apex of the world order by exploiting the Sino-Soviet split.

Amazing, isn't it?

Your comment is well-written.

Nixon used the instruments of government in an attempt to control its citizenry -- and placed the US at the apex of the world order by exploiting the Sino-Soviet split.

Amazing, isn't it?

Your comment is well-written.

Imperial Presidents have always had their "prim little critics." More than ever, in fact, now that it appears we have reached the point of no return with the Imperial Presidency.
I hope you like it.

Why the snide comment, diachronic? He's not saying he likes everything Nixon did. He's saying that his administration -- like LBJ's, like Bill Clinton's, like FDR's -- was a mixed bag.

Nixon's sins seem to have obscured everything else about his presidency. But we're not necessarily well-served by dismissing out of hand everything in a president's legacy because he was a paranoid, megalomaniacal peckherhead! :-D

Well, I don't mean to deny that LBJ was the last great liberal President.
But this calls to mind ither discussions I've had, in which I generally argue that the power of the President must be limited, and the counterargument is that the reforms of LBJ and FDR would not have been possible without stretching the envelope of Executive power.
Now, the point clearthinker made above to my reply that Bush also 'hides' war funding from Congress, is that LBJ accomplished this more by his skill at dealing with Congress, while Bush simply ignores a Congress that is all too willing to allow itself to be ignored. I absolutely recognize this difference. FDR, too, was skilled at working with the Congressional opposition.
But the problem is that the more power is taken from Congress, the more accountability begins to become lost. And the natural tendency of power is to concentrate in the Executive, where it disappears from view.
It is ironic that the Republicans, who opposed FDR's strengthened Executive Branch, now have a plank in their platform, apparently, affirming its power.But it's not at all surprising. LBJ's social progressivism was exceptional- his mistakes, his vanity and willingness to throw away American and non-Americans' lives were not. And there is huge profit in all that destruction...

Thanks for expounding on your comment, diachronic. I had not considered that before -- the irony that Republicans have adopted and expanded a part of FDR's governing style, while denouncing and attemtping to dismantle his policy agenda.

Sorry -- I should have added that I appreciate your points on the danger of weakening Congress while strengthening the Executive branch, and how both Democratic and Republican presidents have contributed to that.

Thanks for giving me food for thought.

Well, again, give credit where credit is due. The core strengthening of the Federal government and the evolution of the "modern" president does not begin with FDR... but by a Republican: Lincoln.

Comments made at the time show the even many Northerners were dismayed by this development.

It's hard, even over a brief period of time that the US has existed, to assign any single label to either party. There is a richness there and can only be found by reading history.

I'm impressed with the general level of discussion here -- far from the transience of yesterday's headlines, many here have gotten deeper into the issues via the longer form: history.

The core strengthening of the Federal government and the evolution of the "modern" president does not begin with FDR... but by a Republican: Lincoln.

Surprising delimiter from an historian of your stature, CT. I suppose it does depend quite a bit on your definition of "core" strengthening, but the lineage clearly can be traced all the way back to Washington, Adams and even the oft-venerated Jefferson.

I sympathize with you, one_wilson, though I suspect my fascination with complex political figures and their legacies (or as you so beautifully phrased it, the "body of constructive, living WORK" they leave behind) is academic and lacks the affection you appear to feel for these guys. I admire your empathetic discussions of them, because your emotion for them adds the oomph that reminds us of their humanity, makes them more "real" to us, and more fascinating to study.

Recommend, particularly the part about the ritual of the triumph. And speaking of Johnson's legacy check out Robert Caro on today's NYT Op Ed. If establishing a legacy is about establishing image, it's tough to imagine a place for Bill Clinton in the pantheon since. The "image" of Monica in the anteroom gets in the way. Still, it's unfortunate that the Dems have often been the ones tearing that image down. Compare how the Republicans have manufactured Saint Reagan from the unpopular, disconnected President we saw at the end of his term so that now his image is off limits even to Democrats. Go figure.

Reagan would have probably won a 3rd term if he ran. He was hugely popular to his base. That's why he has been such a powerful figure for the GOP and remains so.

Don't look at the world through partisan lens.

Thanks for the tip about the Caro editorial, here is the link:

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/28/opinion/28caro.html?hp

Anyone who wants to understand how Congress works, should read (and digest) Caro's book:

MASTER OF THE SENATE

Obama was seen reading this book early in the campaign. There is a lot to be learned on human nature in it.

also to be commended is:

Judgment Days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Laws That Changed America

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Sic Transit Gloria Mundi

Thus passes the glory of the world

(or, Gloria threw up on the subway last Monday)

Hah! Loved that. :-D

Hey, hey, LBJ
How many brains have you warped today?

Oh, don't forget the flowers Lady Bird planted. Our Interstates are nicer thanks to her.

"And though nationally, she was best known as the wife of Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th president, Mrs. Johnson was very much a figure in her own right. She mixed Southern graciousness with a quiet, cast-iron fortitude that not only won admirers but allowed her to steer a large business enterprise and help forge a national environmental movement."

By Janet Wilson
AMERICAN-STATESMAN

http://www.statesman.com/news/content/shared/news/stories/ladybird/0711ladybird.html

I would like to broaden the conversation a tad and then bring it back to Johnson.

Viet Nam must be looked at through a larger context. We all know that it was a French colony. I also believe that we all understand the history of colonialism and client states that stems all the way back to the Egyptian empire. The primary reason that the United States opted to take over stewardship of the Indochinese colony was because of resources. The history of the United States is one of resource hegemony. The reason being one of trade power AND pacification of the vox populi. On one level, control of resources and trade routes establishes diplomatic strength. Secondly, the citizenry get to purchase goods cheaply and maintain a comfortable lifestyle. This pacifies discontent.

Wars and occupations are not usually waged for broader humanitarian concerns. Wars by their very nature are anti-humanitarian. In the case of Viet Nam, there was fear that the nation would become a trade client of the USSR. All of that valuable rubber, teak, aluminum, copper, and agriculture would become the trading property of a rival nation instead of a NATO ally. US strength would wane while soviet strength would wax.

Johnson, Kennedy, and Nixon were all prisoners of this mindset. This is also the tacit mindset of the American people. As long as we the people can continue to afford our lifestyles and amusements, we will largely remain content.

I write this because most of us, even liberals, are guilty of furthering American imperialism. The freedom we enjoy is built on a foundation of unfair trade policies backed by US military might. Therefore, it is no wonder that Johnson deepened our involvement in Viet Nam. The cost of American lives was worth a cheap set of Goodyear tires to the average voter. The same thinking persists in all of us today. Just lack at the manufacturing stamp on the back of your monitor.

I really appreciate the sophistication of your post and its appeal to a larger perspective.

Good points, Zipperupus. Your broader focus encourages me to think about my own thoughts, feelings, and actions within this context. And I think there's a lot of validity to your conclusions in the last paragraph.

Thanks for commenting.

Reminds me of conversations past I've been involved in. The Is Walmart (and the like) evil? discussion.

I've always argued, It's not evil or benevolent. It is and was inevitable. We want what we want when we want it. Oh, and we want it cheap!

I tend to view the whole Walmart discussion the same way you do, Loki. Business is in business to stay in business. That's it. There's no purpose served for business to have a conscience. Now, when their market imposes its conscience on them, businesses will alter their policies -- but that's also just an act of self-preservation.

But policies of our government -- that's a whole different deal. I have a little more faith that American citizens would use their consciences to influence policy, and that we actually could (and should) have government policies that reflect our values. I think the problem we've had is that we've not had clarity about the real reasons we've gone to war. That's where we (citizens) are the most vulnerable -- having access to truth and the ability to discern truth when it's available.

I have often wished that for one day, one hour even, everyone in America could feel the suffering that goes into our consumer goods. If a mechanic in Arkansas or a nurse in Wyoming could touch their televisions and feel the pain of the prisoner whose hands helped make it on the assembly line. Or they could bump up against their pine table and feel the joint pain of the laborer who fashioned that pine for pennies an hour. So much of our world's problems could be solved with a dose of compassion.

Yes, governments can and should reflect the values of its citizens... the problem is that in the United States (and increasingly worldwide) our values are becoming more in line with corporate values... short term profits, disposability, and ends justifying means. Is it no wonder that our lifestyles are increasingly ephemeral?

Absolutely agree with you; as I do also, with CT's interesting point about LBJ being erased out of the presidential pantheon.

I absolutely agree - that having access to truth is the most important possession we as citizens can have, without which we are most vulnerable indeed.
That is why the term 'credibility gap' is such a damning one.

Actually, LBJ did know that the war could not be won:

http://www.eagleton.rutgers.edu/e-gov/e-politicalarchive-Vietnam.htm

There is no doubt that Johnson held discordant views on the Viet Nam war. There are times when he was convinced that it was a catastrophe, and other times when he was firm in his resolve. Overall, however, private doubts do not counteract his public avowals as well as his ultimate decisions. The main problem of the time was that the doves and the hawks were differentiated merely by how fast the escalation would occur. Once more I remind readers that US history is replete with Viet Nams, and nearly all were successful. Viet Nam was by no means unique... from Hawaii to the Phillipines to El Salvador to Haiti, from the Monroe Doctrine to the Roosevelt Correlary to the Bush Doctrine, ours is an expanasionist aggressive nation. This does not make us especially wrong or evil given world history, but facts are facts. And the fact behind Viet Nam was that its failure was an exception, not the rule.

Clearthinker's post is thought-provoking

And completely correct in my own opinion.

There's lots of folks who are in LBJ's debt. He did more for alot more for the people than did JFK.

And yes, he was the last New Dealer. A political philosophy so dominant so prima facie right that no republican occupied the White House for 20 years.

But memories are short, CT, and the people forget the lessons of the past, and the great sad, flawed giant, Lyndon Baines Johnson, benefactor of the people in so many ways goes into the pale shades of the past.

Except for percipient souls like yourself.

Thanks for the remarks, Lux. I decided to write some more challenging posts -- and I don't expect them to be popular for that very reason.

In that spirit, let me plug a thread by bslev that doesn't seem to be getting the attention it deserves:

http://tpmcafe.talkingpointsmemo.com/talk/2008/08/why-reagan.php

Now, let me be clear here: I often disagree with bslev, but the discussion he initiates here is something worthwhile -- and challenging.

Thanks for the post, CT. Good grist for the mill.

I heard George Packer (from the New Yorker) talking about this very subject yesterday -- that it's fascinating to consider that so much of what's in the Democratic Party's platform today is a result of the work LBJ did; and yet the Democratic Party, because of the Vietnam War, is generally reticent to discuss or even mention LBJ.

Perhaps it's impossible to analyze a president's domestic policy accomplishments separately from his/her foreign policy when his/her term is served during a time of war -- ??

I don't know. Regardless, it'll likely take decades before the Democratic Party can invoke LBJ and the domestic policy work he did without automatically and simultaneously provoking reminders of the pain and anger so many Americans still feel over his actions regarding the Vietnam War.

Here's to LBJ, God bless him and all the good work he did for people despite his mistakes.

Good heavens, Desi! We found common ground!

Seriously, thanks for visiting this thread.

Yes, I'll join the toast to LBJ, God bless his pea-pickin' heart!

Another very emotional part of the LBJ legacy is that he literally served out JFK's term. You can't talk about LBJ's achievements and not palpably feel that they are what America got instead of Kennedy's. Since this is both speculative and emotional, it is pretty difficult to counter with simple facts.

There is no amount of logic that can erase the fact the LBJ conjures up memories of JFK's assassination. Especially in this election, that probably isn't a desired effect. That could be why the dems aren't talking about him.

One other thought: LBJ was ... boring. At this point, the MSM is trying to build excitement(to the point of embarrassing themselves). Seriously, what are the chances they'd provide genuine historical context to anything simply for the sake of informing the public?

'commended for seriouos discussion of LBJ and the Great Society.

There are so many levels here. I find myself agreeing with Obama who sees our current hyper-partisan politics as streaming from Vietnam into the present day. If LBJ were honored, then Vietnam would again raise its head and we'd be talking about McCain and his (surprise!) POW status during so much of that conflict.

I'm a boomer who believes that some good came from our generation...but we also talk about Vietnam at the drop of a hat and use it to make our political points. Until my generation becomes gaga or dies out, Vietnam would seem to always invoke conflict, even if its just verbal. It's really time to move past that discussion and a non-Boomer like Obama is the leader who perhaps can take us to that place.

When enough of us die off or become gaga, then LBJ will receive the honor he should receive. I also recommend Master of the Senate which is an absolutely amazing book for the insight it offers into the workings of Congress.

Wow, excellent thread! THIS is the kind of discussion I was hoping to have here at TPM!

Cheers to all...

clearthinker,

I just found this: "Obama’s address came a day after the 100th birthday of former President Lyndon B. Johnson, who signed two major civil-rights laws in the mid-1960s that also helped pave the way for Obama’s ascendance. LBJ was remembered at the convention Thursday in a video tribute."

I didn't actually see this video but at least LBJ's accompishments were not unnoticed by the DNC.

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Here is the playlist page of the 1 minute historical videos played (1948-present)

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I think this is the video you speak of:

http://www.stuckonon.com/client/LBJ/GS_WMVmedium.html

Thanks, clearthinker, for posting the link. It certainly brought back memories of that time. The great tragedy of LBJ is that his greatness in developing programs that greatly benefited Americans to this day has been so overshadowed by Vietnam. It is a real tragedy that will perhaps be corrected by the passage of time.

Thanks cube3u and LBJ's Brain for pointing out that some mention was made.

Ironically, Obama used JFK tonight (as well as FDR) to show how tough Democrats can be. This is, of course, right in line with my comment that JFK was a hawk earlier in this thread.

I would be interested in hearing Zipperupus' comments whether the Dems should be proud of that fact or not.

I do appreciate that people here have pointed out how complex the world is, with all it's various interactions.

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