Weekend Freakout Alert
I'm going home to see what can be done to protect my tomatoes from the wind and rain we're about to get from the fringe of Hanna. Before I go, I'd like to ask you to please hold off on you polling data freakouts until next Wednesday.
McCain will get a bounce in the two dailies from data collected this weekend. Please do not freak out. McCain often gets a bounce from data collected over the weekend. Over the weekend, the samples skew older because younger people are more likely to be out doing stuff and older people are more likely to be sitting around the house waiting to be called by a pollster. This weekend, McCain's convention bounce and his weekend bounce will coincide.
On the other hand, if McCain hasn't cracked his prior peak of 46 in the Gallup Daily by Monday, you should not freak out, but you may feel free get your freak on, because that will be very, very bad news indeed for him.
Thank you for your attention. Please have a safe and freakout-free weekend.





NCSteve, you are truly the voice of reason.
Rec'd
September 5, 2008 5:42 PM | Reply | Permalink
How nice of you to think of us before your exit, Steve! Of course, you know, there will be freaking out. It's the nature of the beast. But, cooler heads should keep Steve's cautionary perspective in mind here - Convention's do bring about a bounce. They are temporal - they go as quickly as they come. I expect Obama to come out w/about a 2 point lead by the middle of next week.
September 5, 2008 5:43 PM | Reply | Permalink
Good luck, NCSteve. I'm protecting my plants too.
I hope Melissa (barefooted) is also ok.
Sure, no freak-outs till Thurs. ;-)
September 5, 2008 5:48 PM | Reply | Permalink
*sigh* I keep getting a "server error" whenever I post.
September 5, 2008 5:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
I prefer to surf the polls instead of freak out myself but there is definitely that tendency around here.
Good luck with Hanna.
September 5, 2008 6:07 PM | Reply | Permalink
Save the tomatoes!
September 5, 2008 7:06 PM | Reply | Permalink
Rick James would be proud.
September 5, 2008 7:14 PM | Reply | Permalink
NC Steve - you da man. Be safe up there!!
I saw Rick James a few years ago and you sir are nor Rick James!!! You're alive... :-)
September 5, 2008 7:18 PM | Reply | Permalink
Yes Daddy, whatever you say.
Have a good one!
:-)
September 5, 2008 7:41 PM | Reply | Permalink
HockeyMom-mentum!
September 5, 2008 7:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
Cross-posted this comment over at one of Eric's posts.
Meanwhile, over at electoral-vote.com:
Today (2008-09-05):
Obama 301 McLame 224 Ties 13
Yesterday's numbers:
Obama 298 McLame 227 Ties 13
So Obama is up 3 EV's from yesterday.
Change since yesterday: ND moved from "weak R" to "weak D"
Obama also up 23 EV's since 2008-08-28
Those numbers were Obama 298 McLame 227 Ties 13
Change from 20080828 to 20080904: OH, with 20 EV's moved from "weak R" to "weak D".
The tie state in all cases is VA (13 EV's.)
It's about the Electoral College, as PeninsulaMatt noted in that thread.
Although a resounding popular victory would be nice as well -- "mandate" and all.
The numbers at pollster.com, otoh, have remained largely static for a while (Obama 260 EV's).
September 5, 2008 8:18 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thanks for the kind wishes, all. Just to be clear, my town is in no danger of getting anything other than a much-needed boost to the water table. However, the the weather alarmists on TV are warning of 25 mph gusts. I've got to decide soon whether to pick the green ones or let the take their chances in the wind.
September 5, 2008 8:38 PM | Reply | Permalink
Great post - a similar idea - don't even look at polls for a while.
September 5, 2008 8:38 PM | Reply | Permalink
you're a sane, steady voice. i don't usually let polls bother me, but after watching the RNC and just how cynical and their willingness to do anything(anything) to win, i'm feeling the most depressed and pessimistic about this campaign than i have at any time in the last 20 months...i don't know why...maybe i'm just burned out and need a break, but for the first time, i can actually envision a scenario in which the best candidate doesn't win.
and it scares me to death.
September 5, 2008 8:51 PM | Reply | Permalink
By the way, apropos of nothing, Halperin made a funny.
September 5, 2008 9:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
Just brought in all my moveable plants, recycling bins, and other high-winds moveables. While I don't expect too much from Hanna where we are, I've learned that it's always best to be prepared. And while I'm hoping to avoid any major flooding, we do desperately need rain.
The specter of Ike right behind Hanna is reminding me of the 1-2 punch of Dennis and Floyd in '99. I was 9+ months pregnant at the time, and that was quite an exciting couple of weeks. I hope we don't have anything close to that coming, because I think all the FEMA prep went into looking good for Gustav, and I don't really want to find out if they've "learned the lessons" they claim to have.
On that note, Gustav hasn't "passed" just because the storm is over. There are still hundreds of thousands without electricity, people sleeping in cars, people without access to food and clean water, etc. The news cycles move on, but folks down there still need our help. So following on Steve's good advice, I would like to make a request:
in lieu of one polling freak-out or Palin post this weekend, hows about subbing a $5 donation to hurricane relief? It will probably make you feel better and help more. and I know it works, b/c I just resisted the urge to snark on another thread by doing this myself. :-)
September 5, 2008 9:13 PM | Reply | Permalink
Steve: I'm in MD on the Chesapeake Bay. If you have to pick your tomatoes to save them, here is my recipe!
Tomato Soup Supreme
15-16 medium tomatoes
1 large onion
3-4 oz. butter
1 tsp. sweet basil leaves
1 pint rich cream
1 tbs. brown sugar
1 tbs. lemon juice
1 tbs. Worcestershire sauce
Scald tomatoes in steamer and slip them out of their skins. Cut them and put them in a bowl.
Chop the onion, melt the butter in a large soup pot and brown the onion.
When onion is golden brown, add the tomatoes, basil, lemon juice, and Worcestershire. Heat the mixture thoroughly. If you want, add 2-3 cloves crushed garlic. When cooked through, start running the mixture through a blender until creamy. (Make sure you use a dishtowel to hold the blender top down. Hot stuff breaks the seal and I have tomato stain on my ceiling as a result.)
In another pot heat the cream and sugar until it is ready to boil. Add the blended tomato mixture and simmer. Add salt and pepper to taste. A few tbs. of cognac adds more flavor, but is optional (how many people have cognac in their house?)
Goes great with grilled gruyere cheese sandwiches and a salad.
Bon appétit!
September 5, 2008 9:57 PM | Reply | Permalink
That sounds yummy.
September 5, 2008 11:48 PM | Reply | Permalink
What a great combination of flavors! Thanks for sharing that, KateO.
September 6, 2008 2:46 AM | Reply | Permalink
Nobody should admit to eating gruyere cheese until after the election.
September 6, 2008 6:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
This a recipe adapted from my great grandmother, who was a peasant farmer in Cork Ireland. Gruyere was a commoner's cheese, shipped from the coast of France and affordable to those who didn't make their own bland Irish cheese. So don't play the elitist gotcha game with me. Should I have said Velveeta? That's pretty good too but they don't sell it in Ireland.
September 6, 2008 9:08 AM | Reply | Permalink
So replace gruyere with Velveeta. They cost about the same but one is real cheese.
September 6, 2008 9:16 AM | Reply | Permalink
Is it wrong that I'm thinking it would work cold in a glass with a shot of vodka for brunch?
September 6, 2008 9:42 AM | Reply | Permalink
Why not? If it's raining there like it's raining here, there's nothing else to be done with the day. Never thought of that, but sounds pretty good.
September 6, 2008 10:11 AM | Reply | Permalink
Kate... stolen... and handed off to the s.o.; a.k.a. the Kitchen Nazi*... :-)
Muchos gracias.
* = single for so many years, who knew that I would someday never again be allowed in my own kitchen? HMPH.
September 6, 2008 2:58 PM | Reply | Permalink
Good advice, Steve, but I'm sure you know the sheep will be as easily startled as ever.
September 5, 2008 10:00 PM | Reply | Permalink
NCS: Over the weekend, the samples skew older because younger people are more likely to be out doing stuff and older people are more likely to be sitting around the house waiting to be called by a pollster.
So pollsters don't adjust their data for age any more? Hoonoo?
September 5, 2008 10:04 PM | Reply | Permalink
If Gallup Daily does any "adjusting of their data for age," they certainly keep it a secret in their methodology disclosure:
Rasmussen Daily is somewhat more opaque, what with the secret likely voter model hoodoo and the adjusting for party i.d. based on a three month rolling average.
But weighting data to adjust for under-representation of a particular demographic isn't ssome statistical magic wand that elminates sampling error. A subgroup is, by definition, smaller than the sample, so the MOE and likelihood of error goes up. If you're weighting because the subgroup is under-represented, as opposed to over-represented, the problem is magnified. And, if a demographic slice is consistently underrepresented in your sampling during particular days of the week, particularly weekends, then there's a good chance that the people in the group who you do find home are not representative of the demographic as a whole.
More simply, if you're calling people on days when they're less likely to be at home, the people you do find at home are then, by definition, less likely to be representative of the statistical universe as a whole. Attempts to weight the error out of existence with corrective statistical juju just trades one source of error for another.
Back in the quaint old days when polls were actually conducted for scholarly and informational purposes, rather than solely to provide blather fodder for the chattering asshats, reputable pollsters didn't trust data collected over a weekend because of this.
Weighted or not, the weekend phenomonon is well-known and has consistently caused a reduction in Obama's numbers during both the primaries and the general. The hypothesis that this is because there's something wrong with the sample over the weekend is much easier to believe--and test--than the alternate hypothesis that millions of people switch their preference to McCain over the weekend and then careen back into his column again by the middle of the week.
September 5, 2008 11:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
There's a lot of information there, but are your answering my question? Are pollsters adjusting for age or not?
September 5, 2008 11:25 PM | Reply | Permalink
Hey! Didn't you recently thank us for all the fish?
September 6, 2008 2:49 AM | Reply | Permalink
Yes I did.
September 6, 2008 6:13 AM | Reply | Permalink
Tankard:
I hope you had a refreshing respite because there is much work for you to be done around here.
Bruce
September 6, 2008 7:22 AM | Reply | Permalink
Screw the editing. You know what I mean.
September 6, 2008 7:23 AM | Reply | Permalink
Actually, I did answer your question, fully and as completely as possible with the information availible for me. But let me try again, this time shorter.
I have no doubt that somewhere someone is taking a poll and weighting for age, but I was talking about the dailies. I don't know whether the dailies weight for age. They don't say. Rasmussen hints that it does and that Gallup does, Gallup hints that it doesn't. Regardless of whether they do, the "weekend effect" caused by undersampling younger people is not magically fixed by weighting. If the younger people they are reaching are different than the demographic as a whole, weighting only magnifies the distortion in the data rather than correcting it. Even if they are perfectly representative, the smaller number means that the potential for random sampling error is larger and if such error exists, weighting magnifies it.
So my larger point was, is and remains: freaking out over anything that happens in the daily polls over the weekend is stupid because the weekend effect will likely unduly magnify any "real" convention bounce they get. But if you prefer to freak out over whatever the numbers are, by all means have at it. I am not the freakout police. Just offering free advice, which is worth what you pay for it.
September 6, 2008 10:05 AM | Reply | Permalink
I see several flaws in your argument.
-- I'm not aware that we have reason to believe that younger people are away from home significantly more on weekends than more mature voters. Do you?
-- Weighting the value of an under-represented demographic is not the only way to compensate for a lower frequency of responses from the group. The poller, for example, could simply make more phone calls.
-- How do we know that "the weekend effect" isn't actually providing a more accurate result than the weekday sample?
September 6, 2008 2:45 PM | Reply | Permalink
Uhhhhh . . . because more people are home on weeknights?
But like I said, if you're determined to find reasons to freak out, feel free to do so. If you want to have a freakout party, go start you own diary.
September 6, 2008 5:19 PM | Reply | Permalink
Do I look like a person who freaks out? Hardly. Wouldn't be productive. Wouldn't be prudent. Neither would it be productive or prudent to draw conclusions based on speculation.
September 6, 2008 9:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
I have felt a lot better since I've been watching electoralvote, myself. I am still stunned that North Dakota is anywhere NEAR the D column!
I think it's bad news for McSame already!
September 5, 2008 10:19 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thanks for this.
September 5, 2008 10:34 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thank you Steve. Your posts do a great service to this site, and to my sanity. If you promise to stay safe, I will promise to stay freakout-free.
Rec'd. With gusto.
September 5, 2008 11:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
What a great combination of flavors! Thanks for sharing that, KateO.
September 6, 2008 2:45 AM | Reply | Permalink
Steve,
I'll take a deep breath and relax a bit. Thanks for helping keep things in perspective.
September 6, 2008 9:30 AM | Reply | Permalink
Obama's lead has inched back up to 3 points in Rasmussen (49-46). Game, set, match?
September 6, 2008 10:18 AM | Reply | Permalink
Game, set, match?
No. Encouraging data point? Yes. Remember, all polls are subject to statistical noise. This one data point showing a McCain anti-bounce could be noise or could be great news. NCSteve's advice holds: Wait a bit for more data.
September 6, 2008 11:32 AM | Reply | Permalink
Only 3?!? I'm freaking out! I'm freaking out!
September 6, 2008 12:13 PM | Reply | Permalink
O Formerly, your calming voice of reason and perspective is so needed on this site.
Thanks.
BTW - looks like we can think about getting our freak on :-)
September 6, 2008 10:39 AM | Reply | Permalink
You're not the boss of me ...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nDuans7UkA
Insofar as tomatoes go - if you've got mass quantities and room in the freezer, this has worked for me in the past:
- toss them in the blender - Romas and ilk can go whole, quarter beefsteaks(food processor works, but you're more likely to have overflow)
- add a few basil leaves, parsley or other herb, or not
- chop for ~10 secs, then puree for a couple more
- line a bread pan with a properly sized ziploc-style bag
- fill and freeze
Once it's fairly solid, you can pull the bag out of the pan and stack them like bricks.
Great for salsa, or to cook down for sauce.
And, if you let them thaw and freeze a few times without disturbing them, the solids settle out and you get a clear tomato juice. Which is weird, but good - and the solids cook down into sauce faster.
September 6, 2008 11:28 AM | Reply | Permalink
Who knew that I could come to a election poll discussion and learn so much about tomatoes?
I'm being overrun by tomatoes and basil now, and I can only eat so many sandwiches & salads. Thanks for the tips!
I throw this one out...
Basil mayo:
1 cup Helmann's Mayo
Half cup fresh sweet basil leaves
1 clove garlic
1 teaspoon lemon juice
Blend, taste, adjust amount of any ingredient until just right for you.
Goes great with just about any sandwich, especially with fresh tomatoes on top.
September 6, 2008 12:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
Kenga and Mason, thanks for these ideas. Back to the garden I go for more tomatoes (the rain has slowed). Good idea on the basil. Anyone have any ideas for cucumbers (besides pickles)? Tons of those to deal with. I have dealt with my weekend freakout in the kitchen with the TV and radio OFF.
September 6, 2008 4:19 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thank God it wasn't Rick Astley.
September 6, 2008 5:22 PM | Reply | Permalink
Game, set, match?
No. Encouraging data point? Yes. Remember, all polls are subject to statistical noise. This one data point showing a McCain anti-bounce could be noise or could be great news. NCSteve's advice holds: Wait a bit for more data.
September 6, 2008 11:35 AM | Reply | Permalink
Can someone explain this to me - how can the polls be close when this is the situation:
How? The polls make no sense in light of this. None. I don't get it.
September 6, 2008 11:38 AM | Reply | Permalink
Two million voters is just a couple of percentage points bump, Tena. In a likely voter model poll, those guys are unlikely to even make it past the filter because they have no prior history of voting (most filters should start letting them through as we get closer to the election, however). Also, Rasmussen weights by party i.d. based on a three month rolling average, so if one party is out registering another, it has some lag built automatically built in. In a poll of just registered voters, like Gallup, they do show up but, again, more than a hundred million voted last time around and they were only, what, sixty something percent of all registered voters.
That two million (or three or four) will seal the deal for us, but its not going to make a huge bump in the poll numbers. It may, however, be what's keeping us ahead.
September 6, 2008 5:16 PM | Reply | Permalink
Don't see a bounce. I guess these hatefests don't do it any more...
September 6, 2008 12:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
Help, I'm freaking out! Obama's lead is down to 2 on Gallup today. Sadly it would appear that at least in term of Gallup, Obama's bounce has largely evaporated. If NCSteve is correct, this could look better by the middle of next week. I'm just hoping that the shine wears off of this frightening Sarah Palin as the undecideds learn more.
September 6, 2008 1:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
Actually, his number hasn't changed, statistically speaking. He's still running in a higher band than he was before the convention, which you can see pretty clearly from the line. McPow has yet to crack his ceiling.
And that's my basic sense of the Gallup Daily numbers. Obama has a floor, McCain has a ceiling. Sure, if you want to get picky ass--and some of you evidently do--they both have a floor and they both have a ceiling, but given that McCain's ceiling maxes out about a point higher than Obama's floor, my observation stands. If McCain can't crack his ceiling, he loses.
September 6, 2008 5:37 PM | Reply | Permalink
Your assumptions about weekend polling are incorrect. The Gallup tracker includes cellphones, so young voters can be reached wherever they are.
The age group least likely to participate in a poll after being reached by pollsters is the over-60 crowd.
Regardless of how difficult it is for a pollster to reach a certain demographic, the pollster keeps trying till enough of them participate or else weights the poll sample to correspond to the percentages of voters in each demo group.
September 6, 2008 2:00 PM | Reply | Permalink
Your assumptions about weekend polling are incorrect. The Gallup tracker includes cellphones, so young voters can be reached wherever they are.
The age group least likely to participate in a poll after being reached by pollsters is the over-60 crowd.
Regardless of how difficult it is for a pollster to reach a certain demographic, the pollster keeps trying till enough of them participate or else weights the poll sample to correspond to the percentages of voters in each demo group.
September 6, 2008 2:01 PM | Reply | Permalink
Zaius, you're an idiot.
If that were true, we wouldn't see the consistent trend of Obama polling more poorly on weekends than on weekdays. And even supposing it is true, that just means that there are other countervailing forces that... cause Obama to do more badly on weekends than weekdays. So you absolutely flub that argument, because this isn't theoretical: it's an empirical fact.
But you know what? McCain can have the weekend, I don't care. Hell, he can six days of the week if he wants them.
All I know is that Obama has Tuesdays.
September 6, 2008 3:57 PM | Reply | Permalink
My colorful speculation about the reason for weekend effect could is just that--speculation, albeit, not an original speculation. The weekend effect itself is borne out by the data itself.
If you want to see a really extreme example of a weekend effect, go look at the numbers on the Rasmussen Daily during the primaries in week before and after Thanksgiving. It is positively comical (if you have a really geeky sense of humor).
On 11/17, the week before Thanksgiving, it was Clinton 42, Obama 26. Then, abruptly, Obama slides nine points to 17 by the last day of polling on 11/21 while Clinton remains static. When polling resumes on 11/27, he's still stuck at 17 but by 11/30 he was back to 27.
Did millions of people suddenly change them minds about Obama and then change them back again over the course of the week before and after Thanksgiving? Or could it just possibly be that G'paw and Gamma were at home, cooking the turkey and making up the spare room while the kids and grandkids were driving over the river and through the woods? Which do you think was more likely?
Similarly, if you're under 45 and you're frantically trying to get all your weekend shit done, trying to keep your kids from running wild in the Lowe's Home Center while pushing a pallet full of mulch and bathroom tiles down the aisle, don't you think that would affect how much you care about talking to Gallup when they call you on your cell?
September 6, 2008 5:58 PM | Reply | Permalink
More Joe Klein, giving them hell!!
http://www.time-blog.com/swampland/2008/09/no_actually_its_that_the_econo.html
September 6, 2008 2:49 PM | Reply | Permalink
Rational as ever, my friend. Thank you. =)
September 6, 2008 3:16 PM | Reply | Permalink
Good luck with those tomatoes, NC Steve - it is ALWAYS a pleasure to read your posts.
September 6, 2008 3:34 PM | Reply | Permalink
Good luck with those tomatoes, NC Steve - it is ALWAYS a pleasure to read your posts.
September 6, 2008 3:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
More Joe Klein, giving them hell!!
http://www.time-blog.com/swampland/2008/09/no_actually_its_that_the_econo.html
September 6, 2008 4:06 PM | Reply | Permalink
OTOH, if you'd really LIKE to freak out just a little bit, this will help, from Nate Silver:
Although the topline results don't make it obvious, it appears that John McCain had a fairly strong night of polling in the daily tracking polls, which are the only numbers we have to look at today.
The Gallup tracker now shows Barack Obama leading by 2 points, down from 4 a day ago. When I attempt to estimate the daily results from the topline numbers, however, I get the following:
Wednesday: Obama +7.8
Thursday: Obama +2.4
Friday: McCain +4.2
So Obama's numbers are being propped up by a strong night of polling on Wednesday, which will cycle out tomorrow. He also held up relatively well on Thursday following Sarah Palin's speech (note: our estimate of his Thursday numbers has been revised slightly upward from yesterday's figures because of a methodological improvement I made to my tracking poll algorithm). But yesterday, McCain had a good night, most likely leading by somewhere in the range of 4 points. There is a good chance that tomorrow's Gallup numbers will show a tie or a McCain lead.
As for Rasmussen , it actually has Barack Obama gaining a point, and moving into a 3-point lead. However, it still looks like McCain may have had a relatively good night on Friday. My tracking poll algorithm will have more difficulty with the Rasmussen tracker than the Gallup tracker because Rasmussen uses a more complicated weighting procedure (i.e. weighting by party ID), meaning that we're a step further away from seeing "raw" numbers. But with grain of salt, here is what I show:
Wednesday: Obama +4.9
Thursday: Obama +3.8
Friday: Obama +0.3
Once again, I would caution against overinterpreting any of this. Conventions should produce bounces -- they are the equivalent of tens of millions of dollars in free advertising time. What we don't know is how to contextualize these bounces. An average convention bounce is about 6 points, but we don't know how the Democratic and Republican conventions interact with one another, particularly as it affects the timing of the respective bounces. Moreover, Fridays (and Saturdays) are tough nights to poll. My hunch, as I've stated before, is that whatever numbers McCain winds up with over the weekend, Barack Obama will probably be polling a couple of points ahead of those numbers by the end of the upcoming week.
September 6, 2008 4:37 PM | Reply | Permalink
OTOH, if you'd really LIKE to freak out just a little bit, this will help, from Nate Silver:
Although the topline results don't make it obvious, it appears that John McCain had a fairly strong night of polling in the daily tracking polls, which are the only numbers we have to look at today.
The Gallup tracker now shows Barack Obama leading by 2 points, down from 4 a day ago. When I attempt to estimate the daily results from the topline numbers, however, I get the following:
Wednesday: Obama +7.8
Thursday: Obama +2.4
Friday: McCain +4.2
So Obama's numbers are being propped up by a strong night of polling on Wednesday, which will cycle out tomorrow. He also held up relatively well on Thursday following Sarah Palin's speech (note: our estimate of his Thursday numbers has been revised slightly upward from yesterday's figures because of a methodological improvement I made to my tracking poll algorithm). But yesterday, McCain had a good night, most likely leading by somewhere in the range of 4 points. There is a good chance that tomorrow's Gallup numbers will show a tie or a McCain lead.
As for Rasmussen , it actually has Barack Obama gaining a point, and moving into a 3-point lead. However, it still looks like McCain may have had a relatively good night on Friday. My tracking poll algorithm will have more difficulty with the Rasmussen tracker than the Gallup tracker because Rasmussen uses a more complicated weighting procedure (i.e. weighting by party ID), meaning that we're a step further away from seeing "raw" numbers. But with grain of salt, here is what I show:
Wednesday: Obama +4.9
Thursday: Obama +3.8
Friday: Obama +0.3
Once again, I would caution against overinterpreting any of this. Conventions should produce bounces -- they are the equivalent of tens of millions of dollars in free advertising time. What we don't know is how to contextualize these bounces. An average convention bounce is about 6 points, but we don't know how the Democratic and Republican conventions interact with one another, particularly as it affects the timing of the respective bounces. Moreover, Fridays (and Saturdays) are tough nights to poll. My hunch, as I've stated before, is that whatever numbers McCain winds up with over the weekend, Barack Obama will probably be polling a couple of points ahead of those numbers by the end of the upcoming week.
September 6, 2008 4:41 PM | Reply | Permalink